International Journal of Pharmaceutics and Drug Analysis

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are emerging as colon targeted drug delivery system

2025-08-31T10:40:20-04:00

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical nanostructures formed by sp2 hybridized carbon atoms and are a promising class of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, particularly in cancer therapy. Due to their unique structural, mechanical, and physicochemical properties such as nanoscale dimensions, very high surface area, and high thermal and electrical conductivity, CNTs are ideal for targeted drug delivery and diagnostic imaging. CNTs have been classified into single-walled, double-walled, and multi-walled based on their structural organization. These nanoscale materials have an amazing ability to penetrate the cell membrane, encapsulate or carry drugs, and deliver drugs specifically to cancerous sites, to decrease systemic toxicity and maximize therapeutic effects. In addition to drug delivery, CNTs also have prospects for contrast agents used in diagnostic medical imaging modalities such as photoacoustic imaging, fluorescence imaging, and Raman spectroscopy that can enable not only early tumor detection but also real-time tumor tracking and monitoring. The functionalization of CNTs and their ability to serve as drug delivery vehicles can improve drug loading capacity, and reduce off-target effects, and provide more effectiveness for tumor-targeted therapy according to the literature. The development of CNT-based nanomedicine offers a new direction for cancer diagnosis and treatment as the incidence of cancer rises across the world.

A review on ethosomes promising as novel drug delivery systems

2025-09-09T12:44:49-04:00

Ethosomes are new lipid-based vesicular carriers that improve medication penetration across the stratum corneum due to their high ethanol concentration. Because of this special characteristic, ethosomes may efficiently transport hydrophilic and lipophilic medications via topical or transdermal routes deep into the skin or even into the systemic circulation. Improved skin penetration, adaptability in drug loading, and biocompatibility are only a few benefits of ethersomes. Vesicle stability issues, such phospholipid oxidation and vesicle fusion during storage, are still problematic, nevertheless. To describe ethosomal formulations and guarantee their quality, effectiveness, and safety as drug delivery vehicles, a range of assessment techniques are used.

Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Combined Antineoplastic Agents by RP-HPLC

2025-07-07T10:38:50-04:00

A rapid and reliable RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of Encorafenib and Cetuximab in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Waters X-Terra RP-18 column with a mobile phase of Acetonitrile and 0.1% TEA buffer (pH 2.5) in a 40:60 ratio, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and detection at 240 nm. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for system suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and stability-indicating capability. Linearity was observed over a range of 18.75–112.50 µg/mL for Encorafenib and 1.25–7.50 µg/mL for Cetuximab. Recovery values were within acceptable limits, and %RSD was consistently below 2%, indicating good accuracy and precision. Forced degradation studies under acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal conditions confirmed the method’s specificity and stability-indicating nature. The method proved to be robust under minor variations in flow rate and mobile phase composition. Overall, the developed method is simple, accurate, and suitable for routine quality control and stability studies of Encorafenib and Cetuximab in combined formulations

Validated rp-hplc method for simultaneous estimation of cabotegravir and rilpivirine in tablet dosage form

2025-08-27T22:48:15-04:00

A simple, efficient, and time-saving reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in tablet dosage form. The method is rapid, precise, sensitive, and reproducible, making it suitable for routine analysis. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Waters Alliance e2695 system equipped with a Waters XBridge Phenyl column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 ?m). The mobile phase consisted of ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5, adjusted with formic acid) and acetonitrile in a 70:30 v/v ratio, delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 269 nm using a photodiode array (PDA) detector at ambient temperature. The method demonstrated acceptable system suitability parameters, with the number of theoretical plates for both analytes not less than 2000 and tailing factors not exceeding 2. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak areas was consistently below 2.0%, indicating good repeatability. Method validation was conducted following ICH guidelines, confirming that the method is accurate, precise, robust, and cost-effective for the quantitative determination and stability analysis of Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in pharmaceutical formulations.

Comprehensive analysis of the siddha drug “chandraprakasa mathirai” (cpmathirai)

2025-08-31T10:52:01-04:00

Chandraprakasa mathirai (CP mathirai) is a Siddha herbomineral medicinal preparation indicated for polyarthritis and fever.The key component of the preparation is Aconitum ferox.The aim of the study was to standardize the drug and record the physicochemical and phytochemicalconstituents, check for the presence of heavy metals and microbial contamination. The Physicochemical, phytochemical analysis and microbial analysis were conducted as per the AYUSH protocol.The physicochemical findings indicated a basic pH, good water solubility, and a desirable acid insoluble ash value. The disintegration time of the tablets was too long and warrants further study. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of carboxylic acid, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. HPTLC analysis showed 13 spots in 254 nm, 5 spots in 366 nm and 12 spots in Vanillin sulphuric acid reagent read at densitometric chromatogram at 545 nm. The heavy metals analysis done using atomicabsorption spectrophotometer was within permissible limits and there was no microbial contamination. This study elucidates the basis of the therapeutic potential by phytochemical analysis and gives a cue for further study in developing the quality of the drug in pharmaceutical field.

Optimization and evaluation of the formulation of herbal infused shower gel

2025-08-31T10:55:46-04:00

The use of natural plant -based ingredients in cosmetic formulation including shower gel is a grooving trend driven by consumer demand for more sustainable, eco-friendly product. Cosmetic manufactures increasingly replacing synthetic ingredients with natural alternatives derived from plant sources & byproducts. The main aim of this products is to formulate a herbal shower gel using a combination of natural ingredients which results in not only being effective in anti- inflammatory but also in various benefits producing a more safer eco- friendly & sustainable products. The investigational studies was carried out in clinical trail phase in total on formulation of better herbal shower gel product which concentrates mainly on anti- inflammatory as well as anti-aging activity. The trail results accentuate the herbal shower gel products that shows – pH- 5.5, Surface tension- 40mN/m, Foam stability- 2 mins, Foam Volume - 3 ml, Dirt Dispersion- 1.2 index, Cleansing efficiency - 85%, While formulated in combination of mango butter, coconut oil, stearic acid, with sodium dodecyl sulphate & tragacanth, licorice & other herbal excipients. The test results emphasized that herbal shower gels formulated using in a combination of natural ingredients such as mango butter, coconut oil, licorice, tragacanth, & other herbal excipients can provide various benefits for skin, including cleaning smoothing & nourishing properties.

Pharmacopoeial standardization and quality evaluation of saathiladhi chooranam: a classical siddha polyherbal formulation

2025-08-31T11:40:59-04:00

Saathiladhi Chooranam is a classical Siddha formulation traditionally prescribed for the management of stomach ulcers and other gastrointestinal ailments. The present study was undertaken to establish comprehensive standardization parameters for this formulation in accordance with AYUSH and WHO guidelines, ensuring its quality, safety, and therapeutic reliability. Physicochemical, phytochemical, chromatographic, microbial, heavy metal, and aflatoxin analyses were performed. The drug displayed characteristic physicochemical properties and a distinct HPTLC fingerprint, which can serve as a reference for identity and quality assurance in future studies. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds including carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and tannins, which may contribute to its gastroprotective properties. Heavy metal analysis confirmed all values to be within WHO permissible limits, while aflatoxin content was also within safe limits, ensuring toxicological safety. Microbial analysis indicated overall compliance with WHO standards. The findings provide a comprehensive profile for Saathiladhi Chooranam, contributing valuable reference data for regulatory purposes and supporting its continued safe use as a therapeutic option for stomach ulcers in Siddha medicine.

Spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of rabeprazole sodium and aceclofenac from the combined capsule dosage form

2025-09-09T12:41:26-04:00

Introduction: The present work aimed to develop and validate spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of rabeprazole sodium and aceclofenac in a pure and capsule dosage form.

Materials and Methods: Method 1 is based on solving a simultaneous equation. Absorbances of rabeprazole sodium and aceclofenac were measured at their respective absorbance maximas (?max) of 283 and 276 nm. Method 2 is the Q-analysis or absorption ratio method. Absorbances were measured at 256 nm (isosbestic point) and 276 nm (?max of aceclofenac). Methods are validated according to ICH guidelines.

Results: A linearity range for rabeprazole sodium and aceclofenac is 10–60 µg/ml at respective selected wavelengths. The coefficient of correlation for rabeprazole at 283 nm and for aceclofenac at 276 nm is 0.9981 and 0.9997, respectively. A percentage estimation of rabeprazole sodium and aceclofenac from the capsule dosage form by method 1 is 100.22 and 99.96 and by method 2 is 99.99 and 100.05, respectively, with a standard deviation less than 2.

Conclusion: The proposed methods are simple, rapid, and validated and can be used successfully for routine simultaneous estimation of rabeprazole sodium and aceclofenac in a pure and capsule dosage form.