FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ROTENOIDS (BOERHAVIA DIFFUSA) NANOPARTICLES IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible condition that requires long-term therapeutic management to delay renal deterioration and associated complications. Limitations of conventional therapy, including poor patient compliance and systemic side effects, have encouraged the exploration of novel drug delivery systems using herbal therapeutics. Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa Linn.), a traditionally acclaimed medicinal plant, exhibits significant nephroprotective, diuretic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, making it a promising candidate for CKD management. The present study aims to formulate and evaluate Punarnava extract-loaded nanoparticles to enhance bioavailability, improve renal targeting, and achieve sustained drug release. Nanoparticles were designed using a suitable biodegradable polymer to protect active phytoconstituents such as punarnavoside and flavonoids from degradation while enabling controlled release. The formulated nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release behaviour. The nanoparticle-based delivery system is expected to maintain prolonged therapeutic concentrations, reduce dosing frequency, and minimize adverse effects. This approach demonstrates the potential of Punarnava nanoparticles as a novel, effective, and safer strategy for the management of Chronic Kidney Disease.